上线啦！全新升级版，“折斩”和“哇斩”的阅读真题解析(2005Text1)(2017军火库第1期)

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小哇在此提供两套阅读超级秘诀(均是最新2017升级版)，对英语一二通用，都具有一剑封喉的效果：

/第一套：折斩，即只看转折句选答案。

/第二套：哇斩，即不看文章，只看选项和题干选答案。

很多同学可能认为不可思议，但事实的确如此，每套秘诀都能单独选出全部20道阅读题的答案。你可根据自己偏好选择其一，或者将二者互补组合套用。以下是详细说明。

1.先看折斩

再次强调，折斩既适用于英语一也适用于英语二。

特别注意，在套用“折斩”做题时，如果转折句(以及引语和观点句)是一个长难句，句子结构复杂，不容易理解，此时可锁定句子中的宾语，包括主干宾语和其他句子成分里的宾语，宾语往往是答案选项(或其中关键词)的同义替换。

下面是”折斩“的操作魔图：

2.再看哇斩

哇斩是不看文章，只看选项和题干(主要是看选项)直接选答案。主要从以下几个角度考虑(举例)：

/与题干关键词(比如introduce)是否表述一致

/与题干在感情色彩上是否表述一致

/是否违背常识

/明确 — 模糊

/抽象(概括、宏观) — 具体(微观)

/绝对 — 相对

/深刻 — 浅显

/隐蔽 — 直接

/答案往往隐藏于具有相似特征的不易区分的选项中

/作者相信的内容往往带有正能量

/针对词汇题，含义更丰富更深刻的往往是答案

/出现在选项中的熟词僻意是题眼

......(还有更多，详见后面的真题解析。考前会对“哇斩”做全面整合与总结)

[注]：蓝色背景字体是转折句。

[第1段]：Everybody loves a fat pay rise(工资暴涨). ①Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking(偷懒怠工), you might even be outraged(激怒). Such behaviour is regarded as “all to human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely(细微地) developed sense of grievance(委屈,抱怨). ②But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第21题(标注红色的选项是答案)

In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

[A] posing a contrast(提出对照)

[B] justifying an assumption(证实一种假定的合理性)(哇斩：B“justifying(证实)”和D“explaining(解释)”与题干“introduce”表述矛盾，因为文章开篇是提出问题或现象，而非证实或解释问题或现象。证实或解释是文章中间段的任务。所以排除BD)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] making a comparison(进行对比)(哇斩：A中“contrast”与C中“comparison”是近义词，命题人明显是在AC中设置答案，所以答案应在AC中选。再看，题干中“introduce”是过程词，C中“making”也是过程词，而A中“posing”不是，所以C与题干表述一致，答案选C。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] explaining a phenomenon(解释一种现象)

[折斩]：参照魔图。很明显，该题定位第1段，该段中有转折句①②。①②中的蓝色字体表述的都是比较之意，而在四个选项中，只有AC表述比较，所以答案应在AC中选。其中，A中“contrast”是比较差异，C中“comparison”是比较共同点，究竟选哪一个？注意，转折句②也是观点句(a study...suggets that)，所以应锁定②找答案。而②中的蓝色字体说明比较的是共同点，所以C是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：若转折句本身又是引语或观点句，应优先锁定。(详见魔图)

/第22题(标注红色的选项是答案)

The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that

[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals(猴子对偷懒的对手也很愤慨)(哇斩#1：A中蓝色字体表述过于具体，与题干implies问法矛盾，排除A)

[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature(对不公平感到义愤也是猴子的本能)(哇斩#2：A中“outraged”与B中“resenting”是近义词，命题人明显是在AB中设置答案，所以答案应在AB中选。而B中“unfairness”和“nature”都是表述抽象的词汇，与题干implies问法一致，所以答案选B。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other(猴子与人一样也会相互嫉妒)(哇斩#1：题干中“it is all too monkey”说的很明确，C中“tend to be”表述模糊，与题干表述不一致，排除C)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions(没有其他动物会同猴子一样有如此的情感)(哇斩#1：D中蓝色字体表述不明确，排除D。另，“no...other than”表述否定且绝对化，与题干“too”表述矛盾，排除D。另，ABC说的都是人与猴子的共性，只有D说的是人与猴子的不同，所以答案应在ABC中选，排除异类选项D)(哇魔力微信名：考研军火库)

[折斩]：参照魔图。很明显，该题定位第1段，该段中有转折句①②。由于题干引用的是②中的内容，所以只能看①找答案。①强调“pleasure...vanish(高兴劲烟消云散)”，对应A中的“outraged”和B中的“resenting”，所以答案应在AB中选。而①中说的是“colleague(同事)”，而非“rival(对手)”，所以A与①表述不一致，排除A。答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#1]：“哇斩#1”是说如何排除错误选项ACD，“哇斩#2”是说如何在AB中选出答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#2]：表述抽象、概括的选项通常是答案。

[第2段]：The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute(可爱的,聪明的). They are good-natured(性情温顺), co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily(乐意地,欣然地). Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第3段]：Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens(代用品) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber(黄瓜). ③However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers(房间,笼子), so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.(哇魔力微信名：考研军火库)

[第4段]：In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable(更好的) to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed(扔) her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence(存在) of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment(愤恨,愤愤不平) in a female capuchin.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第23题(标注红色的选项是答案)

Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are

[A] more inclined to weigh what they get(更能掂量出它们所得到的是否合理)(哇斩#1：题干中的“probably”对应A中“inclined to”，都表述不确定，所以A是答案。哇斩#2：题干强调“female”，显然是与雄性比较而言的，而AD都含比较级，所以答案应在AD中选。很明显，A表述内容比D更深刻些，所以答案选A。哇斩#3：A中“weigh”考查的是熟词僻意。熟词僻意往往是题眼，所以A更像是答案。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] attentive to researchers' instructions(关注研究人员的指令)

[C] nice in both appearance and temperament(外表和脾气俱佳)

[D] more generous than their male companions(要比它们的雄性同伴更大方一些)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第2、3、4段，其中第3段有转折句③。③中的“what the other was getting”对应选项A中的“what they get”，所以答案选A。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#1]：转折句③中只有一个宾语，是“what the other was getting”，在四个选项中找这个宾语的同义替换，是A中的“what they get”，所以答案选A。此处强调的是找宾语的同义替换。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#2]：熟词僻意若出现在选项中，往往是题眼。

[第5段]：The researches suggest(认为) that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. ④Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous(正当的) indignation(愤怒,愤慨), it seems, are not the preserve(独占的事物) of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. ⑤However, whether such a sense of fairness(公平) evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第24题(标注红色的选项是答案)

Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys

[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers(喜欢葡萄胜过喜欢黄瓜)(哇斩：题干问的是研究结论，应具有抽象性，而A表述过于具体，排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] can be taught to exchange things(可以学会交换商品)

[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated(若是感到上当受骗，就不会再配合)(哇斩：题干强调是“最终”的研究发现，显然它应具有隐蔽性、深刻性，比较四个选项，只有C符合。其深刻性表现在，表述的行为(不合作，感觉受骗)更具有社会性；其隐蔽性表现在，此研究发现需要满足条件“if feeling cheated”才能获得。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] are unhappy when separated from others(如果与其他猴子分开就会不高兴)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第5段，该段有转折句④⑤。先看④，很容易看出④与选项C是同义替换，所以C是答案(注意，④不含转折词，但是句式“is likely to be...only when...”暗示有转折之意)。再看⑤，说的是“a sense of fairness”，意思是“公平感”，与其表述最接近的是C中“feeling cheated”，其中“sense”对应“feeling”，说的都是“感觉”，所以C是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：转折句④中“only when”是题眼，对应C中“will not...if”。

/第25题(标注红色的选项是答案)

What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions(通过训练猴子能培养出社会情感)

[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source(人类愤慨之心的来源尚不清楚)(哇斩：从最后一段推断的内容应该有升华，不能只是谈论猴子，所以答案应选B。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do(动物通常与人类一样会公开表达自己的情感)

[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild(只有在野外，猴子才会合作)(哇斩：“only”表述绝对化，排除D)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩]：参照魔图。很明显，该题定位第5段，该段有转折句④⑤。因为该题是整段推理，所以优先锁定位于段尾的转折句⑤(尾句往往具有概括性)。很容易看出，⑤中的蓝色字体与B中的“uncertain”是同义替换，所以B是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：文章中前缀是“un”的单词往往是题眼所在，是答案选项中某关键词的同义替换。(微信号：kaoyanx)

至此，全部5道题都可“只看转折句”和“哇斩”选出答案。

掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技，你绝对是超级考霸！

阅读秘诀：通过选项与题干的固定搭配关系选答案

如果选项与题干存在固定搭配关系，该选项必然是答案。此秘诀属于“哇斩”，对英语一二通用。具体请看下面的例子。

真题示例：英语(一)2008年第31题

Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to

[A].illustrate the change of height of NBA players

[B].show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S

[C].compare different generations of NBA players

[D].assess the achievements of famous NBA players

[解析]：此题中，选项A中的illustrate是表示例证的典型代表词，与题干中的example是典型的固定搭配，所以A是正确答案。表示例证的标志词还有：illustration、demonstrate/demonstration、cite/citation、exemplify、case。(微信号：kaoyanx)

真题示例：英语(一)2007年第21题

The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to

[A].stress the importance of professional training

[B].spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup

[C].introduce the topic of what makes expert performance

[D].explain why some soccer teams play better than others

[解析]：此题中，题干中的phenomenon是文章中的一个引子，是为了引出主题，通常与introduce是固定搭配，所以C是正确答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

真题示例：英语(一)2003年第42题

Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to

[A].introduce the topic of online spying

[B].show how he fought for the U.S.

[C].give an episode of the information war

[D].honor his unique services to the CIA

[解析]：此题中，题干中的story也是文章中的一个引子，对应A中的introduce，所以正确答案是A。(微信号：kaoyanx)

阅读“题眼”大揭秘

题眼1：转折句、引语、观点句

转折句、引语和观点句是最主要的三大题眼，做阅读优先锁定这三大题眼，特别是转折句。具体操作详见上面的“折斩”说明以及后期的真题解析。

题眼2：状语、定语等修饰语

考研阅读的文章句子一般较长，命题老妖们往往只从句子当中的某一个成分处设题，特别是定语成分和状语成分。所以，定位时，优先锁定修饰语成分。具体是哪一种修饰语，可结合题干问法来进行判断。例如：

/真题示例1：2008年Text3(英语一)

Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children — though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War(划线部分是原因状语成分，其中“after”对应题干中的“originated from”), overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第40题]：Washington's decision to free slaves originated from his

[A].moral considerations.

[B].military experience.

[C].financial conditions.

[D].political stand.

[解析]：题干问的是华盛顿给奴隶自由的决定是源于什么，也就是问原因(见题干红色字体)，显然需要找原因状语成分。文中最后一段中的绿色字体“Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.”明确指出是因为：after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，华盛顿才做了这个决定，所以答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)

题眼3：否定表述

原文中用否定方式表达的内容，选项中可能用肯定的方式把同样的意思表述出来。同样，原文中用肯定方式所表达的内容，命题老妖们在设定选项时可能用否定的方式来进行同义转述(如双重否定句，或者一个否定形式加上另一个否定词如never, none等)。例如：

/真题示例2：2000年Text1(英语一)

How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle(该句含否定词“few”，优先定位该句). Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第54题]：The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the

[A].turning of the business cycle

[B].restructuring of industry

[C].improved business management

[D].success in education

[解析]：答案出处显然定位在第二句(见绿色字体)，“没有几个美国人将此仅仅归因于美元贬值或商业周期变化这样显而易见的原因”，该句用表示否定的单词“few”进行表述。该句关键在“obvious(显而易见)”，说明“美元贬值或商业周期变化”是作者认同的原因，所以答案选A。该句用否定方式进行表述，而选项则用了肯定方式表达了同一意思。(微信号：kaoyanx)

特别注意否定词：un+adj/adv

所谓的“un+adj/adv”，是指以“un”为前缀的表述否定意思的形容词或副词，比如unconscious、unrecognized。(哇魔力)

在阅读文章中，经常会出现这类单词，它们本身或其所在句子往往是命题人的出题点。所以，在读文章时，若遇到这类词，一定要标注出来，它们就是一些阅读题的答案出处。请看下面的真题示例。(微信号：kaoyanx)

/真题示例3：2013年Text1(英语一)

2013年Text1第1段含有“un+adj/adv”否定词，首先标注下来，如下面红色字体所示。该段内容见下：

In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.(微信号：kaoyanx)

然后，在文章后面的5道阅读题中，看哪道题可定位到该段。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体，见下)，很容易发现，第21题定位到该段。所以，否定词或其所在句子(蓝色字体，见上)很可能就隐藏着第21题的答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第21题]：Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

[A].poor bargaining skill

[B].insensitivity to fashion

[C].obsession with high fashion

[D].lack of imagination

接着，比较否定词或其所在句子与四个选项，发现，所在句子中“high fashion doesn't affect her”与选项B是同义替换，所以B是正确答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

/真题示例4：2012年Text3(英语二)

2012年Text3第1段含有“un+adj/adv”否定词，首先标注下来，如下面红色字体所示。该段内容见下：

In 2010 a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades — by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO)， a trade group， assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.(微信号：kaoyanx)

然后，在文章后面的5道阅读题中，看哪道题可定位到该段。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体，见下)，很容易发现，第31题定位到该段。所以，否定词或其所在句子(蓝色字体，见上)很可能就隐藏着第31题的答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第31题]：it can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like

[A].their executives to be active

[B].judges to rule out gene patenting

[C].genes to be patentable

[D].the BIO to issue a warning

接着，比较否定词或其所在句子与四个选项，发现，只有选项C强调的是“gene”，与否定词所在句子强调“gene”是一致的，所以C是正确答案。而且，选项C中的“patentable”也对应否定词“unpatentable”。(微信号：kaoyanx)

未完待续...

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